Phil-American War in the 20th Century

During the 20th Century,Philippines and America saw there struggle against Spain but since America did not support the paper for Philippine Independence, relationship between this two countries weakened and soon tensions between the Philippines and America arose, thus the beginning of Phil-American War. 


Here are the pictures from the Phil.-American War


Source: http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/filamwarbreaksout.htm

All the pictures here are evidence of how many lives were lost because of the war. Filipinos back then don't have strong troops compared to America. Aside from the Filipinos who died in the war, there are people who died from the epidemic disease (Cholera) that took place that time. 


You can see through the pictures how Filipinos are poorly equipped when it comes to combat and that is the reason why many people died. 

Significant events during the 19th century

Hello Bloggers, to make all things easy, I have compiled all the significant events that happened in the Philippines that affect their culture, economy, trade, poverty and more. 


I hope these facts can help you :)

Proclamation of Independence Day

•  Arrival of Ferdinand Magellan. March 1521. It marked the beginning of Spanish interest in the Philippines as several Spanish expeditions followed.
• First Mass in the Philippines. March 31, 1521. It was held in Limasawa, an island in Southern Leyte. Symbolized the conversion of many Filipinos to Roman Catholicism.
• Landing of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in Cebu. 1565. This marked the beginning of Spanish dominion in the Philippines as Legazpi later established the seat of Spanish colonial government in Manila.
• Blood Compact. March 1565. Spanish Captain General Legazpi and Rajah Sikatuna performed the blood compact in Bohol as a sign of peace agreement between their parties.
•  First agreement for peace in the Philippines. June 4, 1565. Rajah Tupas and Legazpi signed this treaty of peace. Through the treaty, Cebu would recognize the Spanish government, which, on the other hand, would provide protection to Cebu in times of wars.
• Longest Revolt in history. 1744-1829. Francisco Dagohoy led this longest uprising in Bohol against the Spanish government.
  
• Tobacco Monopoly. 1781. The Spanish government established this for business purposes. It served as a big source of revenue for the Spanish government until it was closed in 1882. During the period, tobacco farms and cigarette plants in the country increased and employed many Filipinos as farmers and factory workers.
  
• Surnames for Filipinos. November 21, 1849. Governor Narciso Claveria y Zaldua issued a decree that provided for the use of Spanish surnames by Filipinos to facilitate census, tax collection and administration.
  
• Cofradia de San Jose. 1832-41. Founded as a religious cult which attracted many members and alarmed the government. It was disbanded after one of its prominent leaders, Apolinario de la Cruz or Hermano Pule, was killed by the government forces on November 4, 1841.
  
• Execution of Burgos, Gomes and Zamora. February 17, 1872. The three priests, known in history as Gomburza, were garroted by the Spaniards in connection with the Cavite Mutiny.
•  Founding of La Solidaridad. 1889. The Filipino propagandists in Spain established this as the organ of the Propaganda Movement. Graciano Lopez Jaena and Marcelo H. del Pilar served as editors. It published essays and articles in Spanish expressing the Filipino demands for reforms in the Philippines. One of the writers was Jose Rizal.
  
• Telephone system. 1890. The first telephone system in the Philippines is inaugurated. In 1906 the government put provincial telephone systems. In 1928 PLDT was granted franchise for the entire Philippines.
  
• Founding of the Katipunan. July 7, 1892. Andres Bonifacio, Ladislaw Diwa and Teodoro Plata composed the first triangle of the secret society.
  
•  Exile of Dr. Jose Rizal. July 17, 1892. Rizal arrived in Dapitan to serve his exile. This agitated many Filipinos to fight the Spanish colonial government. The hero contributed much to the development of Dapitan during his exile
  
• Cry of Pugad Lawin. August 23, 1892. The Katipuneros gathered in Pugad Lawin, tore their cedulas and declared war against Spain.
• Battle of Zapote Bridge. February 19, 1897. One of the major battles of the Philippine Revolution.
• Proclamation of Philippine Independence. June 12, 1898. General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite. During the event, Marcha Nacional Filipina, which what would become the National Anthem composed by Julian Felipe, was played by the band of San Francisco de Malabon and the Philippine national flag was hoisted in public.
• 
  
• The Treaty of Paris. December 10, 1898. This was signed between the United States and Spain ceding Spanish colonies, including the Philippines, to America. The Americans received the right to colonize the Philippines after paying Spain $20 million.

Source: http://www.beda7882.com/100_significant_events_in_%20Phil_history.htm

During the 19th century, the Philippines is under the Spaniards, however in the 19th century there are also advancements that happened to the Philippines which lead to a revolution, because Filipinos came to a point where they want Independence from the Spaniards. They want to create their own identity as Filipinos not that Spaniards are setting their own identity.


Filipinos, are lucky to have heroes like Jose Rizal who contributed a lot for the independence Filipinos are aiming. With all these, Filipinos came to a point were there eyes are open and that domination should stop in their own country. 

Economic advancement in 19th century (Philippines)

Under the Spanish rule, Philippines experienced a development in terms of their economy, due to some products that can be found here like: tobacco, sugar, coffee and this gave rise to trade in European and Asian markets. There are new social classes that was recognize: 

•  Sangleys or Chinese merchants became skilled middlemen in trade and craftsmanship.
• Principalia was the landed political elite that leased their lands to Chinese investors and other entrepreneurs like British, American and German investors. 

With these new social classes, the Philippines experienced a good economy however, the Spaniards are the ones benefiting and Filipinos got small benefits. 

However, we have illustrados, like Jose Rizal who in those times taught of revolting because of the feeling that Filipinos should be experiencing the success and having access to the benefits.    

Racial classes in the Philippines

During the 19th Century Philippines was socially stratified arrangement of racial classes. 


Thus, early in this century, classes are divided and with that there is a big division among the Filipinos.


According to: http://www.proyectos-saluda.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1882&Itemid=156


At the time, only those born of Spanish parents and born in Spain were considered the Peninsulares and  the elite class. 

Peninsulares (elite)

 Hijos de Pais were children with Spanish parents who were born in the Philippines while criolos were mixed blood with either father or mother who were Spanish or European, while the other of  Indio or Chino.

The term mestizo was used to denote anyone of lighter skin, whether Hispanic or Chinese descent.  It is this racial conflict between the Peninsulares and non-Peninsulares that united all the other classes into Filipino and was one of the major causes that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution against Spain.  The other major cause was the religious persecution in Spain that led its friars being sent to the Philippines and thus displacing the Filipino clergy from control of their parishes.

As you can see, the classes are divided and it is pretty obvious that, those who have 100% Spanish blood gets more benefits.  

The rise of Education and Infrastructures in the Philippines (19th Century)

As we all know, Spain colonized the Philippines for the longest time. They colonized the Philippines in the year 1564 and in the 19th century Spain highly invested in education and infrastructures. 


What's good about it?

Queen Isabella II of Spain

• Spain introduced the School system in the Philippines through the Education Decree of December 20, 1863 under Queen Isabella II of Spain. 
• Higher literacy rate

What's bad about it?

• The free school system used Spanish as the language of instruction.
• It was for the elite especially in the early years of Spanish colonization.
• The education system was controlled by the Spaniards. 

With all these, it is good that schools were established however, they used Spanish as the medium language and not Tagalog which is quite unfair for the Filipinos because they are living in their country and they are not practicing their own language which is Tagalog. 




Aside from that there is the opening of Suez Canal, which enabled the rise of illustrados,enlightened class of Filipinos that had been able to expand their studies in Spain and Europe.

Opening of Suez Canal in 1869